Failing together: Interactive patterns of problem-solving between youth and educators in informal STEM environments

We often think of failure as something to avoid, but in learning—especially in science, technology, engineering, and math—it can actually be a powerful tool. When educators allow learners to struggle, try again, and work through mistakes, they create space for creativity and real problem-solving to happen. In this study, we looked at how these moments play out in informal learning spaces like museum exhibits, camps, and hands-on STEM programs. We watched 38 videos of museum educators working with learners as they tackled challenges together. What we found is that problem-solving works best when it’s a shared experience. Educators play an important role by asking questions, offering gentle prompts, and encouraging learners to keep going rather than giving answers right away. When educators and learners collaborate in this way, learners are more likely to take ownership of their ideas, show creativity, and stay engaged. Our findings suggest that failure doesn’t have to be a setback—instead, it can become a meaningful learning moment that educators and learners build together.